Three-breed systems, at equilibrium, maintain 86 percent of full heterosis and can reduce large differences from one generation to the next in rate of maturity, mature body size, milk components, and associated nutritional requirements that some two-breed rotational systems may create. The breed is usually horned, though polled strains have been developed. Registering and issuing of certificates for both pedigree and grade livestock. 14. Advantages of Ayrshire Cattle: It produces high quality milk Efficient Forage Conversion Excellent Functional Type Health and freedom of disease and ailments 116-120 . This should be one of the first things to consider in a breeding plan: what animal breed fits best to the circumstances on the farm. The depth of eye muscle, marbling, even fat cover and ratio of hind to forequarter make the Boran difficult to beat, hence the preference of Kenya butchers for young, well-finished Boran steers. 5. Today, Guernseys are medium to large, with cows weighing 1,400 lbs. Purpose: Milk and meat productionAverage body size:small (average live-weight 250-300 kg), Description: Body colour is variable, the breed has a prominent hump, Advantages: Much of the breeds earliest history is speculative, but the most common theory points to France for the breeds origins. 4. In USA reports show that Holsteins cows have been very successfully crossed with Guernsey bulls. Dogs 1. Introduction Do you want to learn and discuss 11 Advantages and Disadvantages of Satellite Communications | Benefits and Drawbacks of Satellite Communications with types, examples, uses, and importance in easy language.. Keep reading; you are in the right place. Knowledge of the breed resources available and the strengths and weaknesses of each breed should guide decisions of which breeds to use in a crossbreeding program. There are also many opportunities for the registered stock to participate in competitions such as ASK shows and breeders shows. The Current Position of the Guernsey Breed. Depending on your goals for breeding animals different breeding techniques can be used. Disadvantages: The Guernsey Cattle Club was formed in 1877. N/B: The successive offspring from the initial/ subsequent crossing is the one used for successive matings and not the original dam. What Issues Should Be Considered in Crossbreeding? Some of these problems are probably due to the increase of inbreeding in this breed. Milk production potential is low (10 liters/day) They stay in the herd longer than any other dairy breed. Difficult breeders, most mating at night. Guernsey owners love the rich personality of their cows. In farm animals, each male may be used to serve a large number of females, and under such conditions the increase of the inbreeding coefficient per generation in a closed breeding unit can be estimated simply by dividing 100 by eight times the number of males used. The breed became a significant genetic foundation for the American dairy industry, contributing to the general mix of dairy cattle, as well as being used as a purebred. Advantages of Wind Energy. 3. "American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Conservation Priority List, 2012", List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, "The Guernsey Cow Background and History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey_cattle&oldid=1104395065, Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy, Cattle breeds originating in the Channel Islands, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with dead external links from October 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 August 2022, at 17:50. Purpose:Milk productionPotential yield:40-50 litres milk/day, 3,2% butter fat.Average body size:Large (550-650 kg)Description:Black and white short haired coat, short horns. The well-developed hindquarters have frequently been remarked upon. ADC Olngatongo PO Box 680-30200 Kitale 16. In response to demand, protein percentages have been raised across the breed and herd protein levels of 3.4% to 3.5% are not uncommon. Distinct objectives are essential to a breeding plan aiming to improve our livestock breeds for better future profitability such as: 2. Jack McAllister, University of Kentucky. Draft Animals 1. ADC Olngatongo PO Box 680-30200 Kitale The primary genetic interest in crossbreeding is in whether animals with genes from different parent breeds perform differently in combination than the average of their parent breeds. Docile. Exact matches only. An example of indirect selection is given by high growth rate, where selection for this trait is likely to improve early maturity and slaughter weight and also the efficiency of feed conversion. In an effort to compete, some breeders are upgrading their Guernsey herds with the red-and-white variety of Holstein to increase production. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. No alternative plans, such as using lesser known dairy or dual-purpose breeds or use of crossbred sires, are sufficiently attractive to offset the opportunities available through within-breed selection and use of purebred sires in AI. This website uses cookies and third party services. All cows and bulls, even the very best bull, in any breed, have genetic traits that could be desirable or undesirable from a farmers perspective. When trading inbreedingcattle, it is often found that registration with the Kenya stud book, will more than double the price of your animals. Ololua Farm (Carol Rees) PO Box 21007 Nairobi, Tel-891015 Yields may range from 5-10 litres/dayAverage body size:Large (average live-weight 350-400 kg)Description:Body colour is solid brown, Advantages: The breeder can only plan according to the trait observed. They are cost-effective. Channel Islands/Isle of Guernsey. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. For example the coat colour in cows is the phenotypic expression of the genes that regulate coat colour. Up-to-Date News. WebThey are relatively resistant to diseases and free of genetic diseases Better suited to range management than the Fresian breed Disadvantages: Feed requirements high (90-110 kg Fawn and red also occur, but black is rare and is not considered a true Boran colour. Maintain ID systems that associate this information with each heifer as she calves into the milking herd. This strategy hasnt been successful at increasing production enough to make the Guernsey competitive with the Holstein, and instead, it has caused the breed to lose some of its genetic distinctiveness. The Cancer Fund of America Inc. recently published information stating that "Diets rich in foods containing Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and a precursor of Vitamin A called beta carotene, may reduce the risk of certain cancers". It has smooth-blending shoulders showing good refinement, strength and even contour. Use of local breeding bulls instead of artificial insemination could be a limiting factor in improving the production of local cattle. 9. She is the ideal cow for intensive grazing. Very adaptable to warm climates. The decrease in fitness that results from such inbreeding is known as inbreeding depression. Interest in crossbreeding of plants and animals is nearly as old as the science of genetics, dating back to the early 1900s. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Organic or low-input dairy production may have special interest in crossbreeding if hybrid vigor reduces the need for medical intervention or if crossbreds respond better as grazing animals than cows of pure breeds. is not available), Multiple ovulation embryo transfer (MOET) (. WebLook at the Advantages of the Guernsey. Dairy Sci. The Guernsey is of medium size: cows weigh 450 to 500 kg, and bulls 600 to 700 kg. By having a good breeding strategy such inbreeding can not only be totally avoided, but the opposite can be achieved namely higher productivity, better milk and meat yields, healthy animals with good disease resistance, just to mention a few of the most common goals for breeding strategies. 2. There was extensive trade between the Channel Islands and England, France, and the Netherlands, and cattle were part of this trade until the early 1800s. Rotational crossbreeding plans, particularly with three breeds, can maintain substantial heterosis, but maintaining a rotational crossbreeding program requires careful record keeping and planning. The average milk yield from this breed in Kenya is roughly 3000 litres in 305 days with butter fat of 4.7%. Advantages of a corporation include personal liability protection, business security and continuity, and easier access to capital. If a crossbred cow is related, even remotely, to her purebred mate, some inbreeding will exist in their crossbred progeny. - Extremely docile and Moi University Farm PO Box 30900-30100 Eldoret Late maturing (3 years), Purpose: Meat productionAverage body size:Large (average live-weight 550 kg)Description:Body color reddish brown body with white head and feet. Both two- and three-breed systems are simple enough to manage, even in very large herds, by placing a different color ear tag in offspring of different sire breeds. By the time the first crossbred female reaches breeding age, a decision must have been made as to the breed of the sire to which she will be mated. Milk has high butter-fat of 4.8% Guernseys are very popular for crossbreeding purposes. Since then, the export of breeding stock from the islands has been a major agricultural enterprise. The major advantage of crossbred dairy cattle is that they exhibit the strengths of all breeds from which they descend with an added advantage of heterosis. Farms keeping Ayrshire in Kenya (officially registered): 1. A third breed may be a hard choice or even a big compromise if no third breed interests a particular producer. Marimba Farm PO Box 32 Meru 96% of Guernsey cows carry the protein Beta Casein A2 in their milk. There may also have been some influence from Dutch cattle in the eighteenth century. 6. The Holstein cattle breed is dominating in milk production. 3. Dairy breeds that exist in the United States today were formed by use of purebred bulls on a population of less specialized cattle that were clearly not purebred. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. The Kenya stud book personnel will also give advice on goodbreedingstrategies suited to your situation. 3. Cattle shows, which began in 1828 on Guernsey, hastened the process. 2. Whether indigenous breeds or exotic breeds or crossbreeds will perform best depend amongst others on the climate, the occurring diseases, the available feed resources and the availability of fresh water. Such programs are strongly recommended. Some things have changed in the last 50-plus years. Guernsey are adaptable to all climates and management systems and lack any known undesirable genetic recessives. This Zebu breed originates from India and Pakistan. 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