/ I say: I had two uncles, Joe and Harry - / one was a stammerer, the other dumb.- 'Heredity', Tony Harrison. When told of this, Harrison retorted that Howarth was "Probably another idiot MP wishing to impose his intellectual limitations on the rest of us". Harrisons many other honors include the Faber Memorial Award, the European Poetry Translation Prize, and a UNESCO fellowship. WebAnalysis. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? WebIn the poem Book Ends the speaker describes the long and difficult relationship between himself and another person, which is shaken to the core by the death of the latters wife. His best-known work is the long poem V. (1985), written during the miners' strike of 1984-85, and describing a trip to see his parents' grave in a Leeds cemetery "now littered with beer cans and vandalised by obscene graffiti". By splitting himself into two voices, Harrison is empowered to express the anger and distress of the working class skinhead and bring his voice into dramatic confrontation with his own educated voice. "When the chilled dough of his flesh went in an oven / not unlike those he fuelled all his life". We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Rick Silver has: Played Will Tay in "Have Gun - Will Travel" in The broadcast went ahead, and the brouhaha settled quickly after enough column inches had been written about the broadcast and reaction to the broadcast. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: By clicking Send, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. The idea of the celebration of marriage pinpoints unity as the theme of the poem. In 1998, he wrote and directed a film, Prometheus, based on his poem of the same name, which links the myth of Prometheus - chained on a rock to have his liver eaten by the vulture Ethon as a punishment for the theft of fire - with the enchainment of workers in the Promethian industries - the closed coal mines of Yorkshire; the present day effects of heavy industry in Copa Mic in Romania; to the gas ovens of Auschwitz, to Dresden and to Bomber Harris. Discourse between them is curbed for they say nothing, sit, sleep, stare. If the liaison were resilient, the couple would have dialogued ecstatically and recurrently. - as a baker, he was the person who used the oven, now the oven used him. Gerald Howarth said that Harrison was "Probably another bolshie poet wishing to impose his frustrations on the rest of us". It took almost two - extension of the first line dramatises the moment. The prize was launched by English PEN in honour of the late Pinter, a defender of persecuted writers, and is awarded to writer who in Pinter's own words on receiving his Nobel prize casts an "unflinching, unswerving" gaze upon the world, and shows a "fierce intellectual determination to define the real truth of our lives and our societies". The cast of Our Time - 2014 includes: Lucy Drive as Jennifer Thanks! Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Wish I could see the television film poem Blasphemers Banquet again - does anyone know where a dvd of it can be acquired? The final stanza makes the link to himself as he sits with his pen, skilfully placed between his finger and thumb just as his father and grandfathers spades sat skilfully on the end of their boots. Submitted by Scott Dagostino. WebIn his poems Harrison shows the polarisation between those who wield power and those who are victims. According to fellow poet Simon Armitage in the, The son of a baker, Harrison grew up in working-class Leeds in post-war austerity Britain. While he won a scholarship to attend Leeds Grammar School, and later read Classics at Leeds University, Harrison has remained keenly aware of the discrepancy between his early life and his later professional success. Among his film/poems, The Shadow of Hiroshima (1995) was screened on Channel 4, the published text won the Heinemann Award and Black Daisies won the Prix Italia. He boasts in the sixth stanza of how much more turf his grandfather cut in a day than any other man. A matter of mere time and it will swallow this place of rest and all the resters down. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. The following discussion of another extraordinary Tony Harrison poem originally appeared in book form in Tony Harrison: Loiner (Clarendon Press, 1997), edited by Sandie Byrne. For some years he has lived in Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne. Proposals to screen a filmed version of V. by Channel 4 in October 1987 drew howls of outrage from the tabloid press, some broadsheet journalists, and MPs, apparently concerned about the effects its "torrents of obscene language" and "streams of four-letter filth" would have on the nation's youth. In 2009, Harrison won the inaugural PEN/Pinter Prize. He knew she'd just popped out to get the tea. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. Critics have generally praised Harrison over the years, finding his work to have grown in depth, maturity, and mastery of the language. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of select poems by It represents a plead of the tongueless working class for the conflict to end and peace to embrace both societies. We also see a young Heaney giving his grandfather a bottle of milk. It also suggests that he could have been that skin but was distanced from his alter ego because of his grammar school education. An analysis of Whitmans Song of Myself and I Sing the Body Electric [], Born in New York City in 1930, Gregory Corso became one of the leading voices of the beat movement. From The School of Eloquence and Other Poems was a more explicit exploration of class issues than The Loiners had been, provoking critical controversy. You life's all grouse. A lot of Heaneys writing is political, looking at the troubles in Ireland and the use of violence, so there may be a link here. One of many who have noted the influence of that background, Armitage was impressed with the way [Harrison] deals with his upbringing and background in his poems, and more specifically, his accent. Whod have thought, remarked Armitage, that some of tmost moving poems in tlanguage would have been composed in a form of English normally reserved for sheep-shaggers and colliers? Calling Harrison a distinctly British poet, Mary Kaiser in. An editor It also makes reference to what the author calls "all the versus" (hence the poem's title) in life, and includes " communism v. fascism " and " Left v. Right ". l"%33Vl w%=^i7+-d&0A6l4L60#S Harrison does not fear the grave, but the great worked-out black hollow under mine. Harrison was born in Leeds and educated at Leeds Grammar School and the University of Leeds, where he read Classics and took a diploma in Linguistics. The act of matching his words with context makes his poems more available to the people of his culture by giving it a sense of reality and encourages the sense of conflict within the poem and the tug of war through Tony himself (Simon Armitage). The squat / pen rests; / snug as / a gun. The title of this poem, V stands for versus and instantaneously indicates to the reader that it focuses on division in British society: Class v. class as bitter as before, the unending violence of US and THEM, personified in 1984. However this depends on whether there is still demand for unity or has it already been achieved. How you became a poet's a mystery! 4 words only of mi art aches and . His admiration for his skill is shown in the seventh stanza with onomatopoeic words nicking and slicing showing the skill of his cutting of the turf precisely. But the pen is, by comparison, no weapon yes, as the proverb has it, the pen is mightier than the sword (or the gun or the spade). WebHis poems and translations show a powerful command of rhyme and an expert adaptation of colloquial speech. Image:Seamus Heaney in the studio with his portrait by Colin Davidson. Home, home, home, to my woman as the red darkens from a flesh blood to a dried. I tried to add the link but it's 'illegal' on this site. He is justly regarded for giving dignity to the working people of his youth. The title poem of Harrisons 1992 collection, The Gaze of the Gorgon, was written for television and broadcast again on the BBC. Timer, from Harrisons 1981 collection, The School of Eloquence, is one of a long sequence of poems that explores the poets relationship with his parents. Secondly, Harrison places 1984 on a shorter line than the others, where it cannot be missed; to allow the irony of Orwells novel to speak for itself. Sid John Gardner. In it, explained Michael Lockwood in School Library Journal, Tony Harrison uses Greek myth and an elaborate narrative concerned with the statutes of German poets to trace the dehumanizing force of war as it has re-emerged in recent conflicts. Concerned primarily with war, the book also includes The Cold Coming, a poem spoken in the voice of an Iraqi soldier killed at the end of the Gulf War. However, it could be argued that Harrison does not use these taboo words in an insulting manner, at least where Harrison the man is concerned, but just as a part if the skinheads dialect. In a review in. 4336052. The third stanza takes us back to when Heaneys father was 20 years younger, digging in the potato drills farming for his livelihood. Can you only get yer tongue round fucking Greek; She didnt talk like you for a starts! WebDefinition. Although doubtful, in these dark days what poems can do (Initial Illumination), Harrison once again gives a voice to the inarticulate though poetry, in what he describes as the most ceremonial form of speech. In 1995, he was commissioned by The Guardian to visit Bosnia and write poems about the war. Our catalogue store includes many more recordings which you can download to your device. We are reminded of the theme of digging at the end of the stanza. The cast of Gun Girl - 2011 includes: Tony Besson as Bobby He fell on a gun and damaged them; so the dentist pulled for His best known collections are The Loiners (1970) and The School The contrast created between the two characters allows him to stress to the reader that there is anger inside all of use; however it is education that gives us the definitive control as to how we display that anger and our emotions. However, due to his middle class education which he received, he is able to control his anger in the form of the alternating rhyme scheme ABAB and uses his form in verse because it can hold the great power and pressure of his emotions (Richard Hoggart). This final episode in the poem brings him back to his partner and to the warmth of th coal fire. The poem details the expansive thoughts of the speaker who is reflecting and philosophizing upon a summer evenings sky. Tony Harrisons success stems from the fact that he is a classicist from the working class; a scholar seeking a mass audience. The motion was opposed by a single MP, Mr. Norman Buchan, who suggested that MPs had either failed to read or failed to understand (V.). Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper. WebThe Pen and the Gun Tony Harrison Theres never a time I use this fountain pen without Im haunted by a pigeons pain. The irony in this stanza is the fact that the skinhead assumed cri-de-Coeur to be a word of the Greek language, when in fact it is a French expression indicating a passionate appeal or protest. The word has been italicised to indicate the there is one obvious meaning to the vandalism on the grave. Harrisons previous dramatic workAikin Mata (1966), a version of Lysistrata set in Nigeriahad focused on showing a classic play as a living work. "Why shouldn't poetry address what happened yesterday, and be published in the newspaper?" WebThe tone of the poem is melancholic, reflecting on the theme of death and the breakup of family, with a bitter edge in the description of the unbridgeable rift between father and son which widens following the mothers death. Whereby the totalitarian oppression is demonstrated in the brutality of the police towards the labouring classes. If buried ashes saw then Id survey the places I learned Latin, and learned Greek, and left, the ground where Leeds united play These two locations are used as juxtaposition to each other due to, ironically being connected by the graveyard. We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. In the poem, Harrison makes the Iraqi himself speak both with a brutal self-recognition (a skull half roast, half bone) as well as a scornful envy of three American soldiers who were reported to have banked their sperm for posterity before the war began (hence, with a scatological nod to Eliot, the title of the poem). The free tracks you can enjoy in the Poetry Archive are a selection of a poets work. He has been considered one of the most important Blank verse is a kind of poetry that is written in unrhymed lines but with a regular metrical pattern. GradeSaver, 9 January 2020 Web. will review the submission and either publish your submission or providefeedback. him. Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize, The Loiners, European Poetry Translation Prize, The Oresteia, Whitbread Poetry Award, The Gaze of the Gorgon, Prix Italia (Italy), Black Daisies for the Bride (film), Heinemann Award, The Shadow of Hiroshima and Other Film/Poems. ! Crawford. Harrisons young male characters, in contrast, while having no individual We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. ! His skill is in digging thoughts and emotions with the power of words. Author of lyrics for the film Bluebird, 1976. 2018 Oct 26 [cited 2023 Mar 1]. Harrison includes specific dates and place names such as 1984 and Leeds United for two main reasons: firstly, to give the reader something to relate to effectively, especially those from a working class background. Attacked by political pundits for its unabashed use of certain four-letter words, the piece was widely hailed by the literary world as a masterpiece. In Harrisons first full-length book of poetry. You can read Digging here; in this post we offer our analysis of the poems meaning, language, and effects. Noted especially for his out-spoken politics, Harrisons poetry treats issues of class, race and power with extraordinary formal brilliance and technique. By clicking Continue, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. nibba tf is dat bs, tfu gettin dat shtt from! Tony Harrison is Britains leading poet-playwright. He dumped her for Sian Thomas back in the By continuing well assume you board with our cookie policy. Last week I posted on Tony Harrisons A Cold Coming. Harrisons next full-length book of poetry appeared in 1978. When the poem V, was first published it cause outrage and the Daily Mail described Harrison as a potty mouthed poet. At the start of National Trust, Harrison incorporates a story that poo poo wee wee i really need a pee! The poem directly draws our attention to the intense fear growing within him. Furthermore, many feminist readers have protested against the word cunt being used due it inappropriate reference to a womans body. "His voice is unmistakable and passionate.". Besides, Book Ends hints at an unresponsive a father-son attachment. Tony Harrison writes, You're like book ends, the pair of you, she'd say,/Hog that grate, say nothing, sit, sleep, stare The speakers liaison with the addressee is not heart-warming owing to the mammoth muteness between them. The pen goes from being snug (albeit dangerously so, like a gun) to being a tool or implement comparable in hearty usefulness and labour to the spades used by his father and forefathers. The title of this poem, V stands for versus and instantaneously However, it also focuses on the unity between himself and his woman and well as his parents. Unusual thoughts expressed in a unique manner! - juxtaposition of "chilled" and "oven". Read the Study Guide for Tony Harrison: Poems, Victorian, Romantic and Modernist Literature: Style as Cultural Commentary, Harrison's "National Trust" and the Corruption of the Upper Classes, Division, Unity and Identity in Tony Harrison's "V", View Wikipedia Entries for Tony Harrison: Poems. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. However, he hopes that the barriers between Black/White, man v wife and class v class are transcended. And it was mine. They also act as a metaphor of the working class and the middle class worlds that Harrison is torn between; he is the binding factor between these two classes, yet is also divided by each of them. thissection. The phrase does it stay? indicates that it is now the readers choice as to whether to leave it on his grave or erase it. Home Essay Samples Literature Poetry Division, Unity and Identity in Tony Harrisons V. After visiting his parents grave, Harrison returns home and focalises the poem on the theme of unity. The pigeon cant get out and Rowland, His play Fram debuted in 2008 at the Royal National Theatre in London. The prize is to be awarded annually to the writer who best exemplifies Pinter's own quest to "define the real truth of our lives and our societies". Played Frank - Guard in "Have Gun - Will Travel" in 1957. A Cold Coming speaks up for the burned corpse of an Iraqi soldier in metrical rhyming couplets a form that seems to keep hold of sense in such troubled times. Harrison used such language not to arouse the dead from their deep peace, but to shock the living. The film involved driving a thirty foot golden statue of Prometheus from the industrial north of England to Greece, via Germany and a number of eastern European countries. However, it is clear that he has managed to escape some of that division that tormented him because he feels united with his working class roots through the mention of vegetation from the pit; a reference back to he mines. This is added to in the penultimate stanza with further onomatopoeia squelch and slap and alliteration curt cuts of an edge with the c sound expressing the precision and the sound of the cutting motion. In 1977, he became the resident dramatist at the National Theatre for two years, during which time he also completed Bow Down (1977), an original exploration of traditional and ancient ballads. The early focus is on writing, where the pen is compared using a simile ", Describing Harrison as a "public poet", Hytner said his verse "engages consistently with the world around him, the world from which he sprang and the ancient world from which he has learned most". In this [], 'The Passionate Shepherd to His Love' is a kind of peaceful lyric created by Christopher Marlowe in the late sixteenth century. How you became a poet's a mystery! The empty house signals the obstinate void in the fathers being. Pingback: A Short Analysis of Seamus Heaneys Digging Interesting Literature | Catatan Anak Sastra. - metaphor of cremation - the man was a baker, ironic. Tony Harrison is Britains principal film and theatre poet and has famously said Poetry is all I write, whether for books, or readings, or for the National Theatre, or for the opera house and concert hall, or even for TV. He was born in Leeds in 1937, won a scholarship to Leeds grammar and read Classics at Leeds University. In a review in The Times of Selected Poems (1995), Robert Nye noted that Harrison has been hailed as the first genuine working-class poet England has produced this century. In a Times Literary Supplement article, Tim Kendall recognized that Harrisons poetry in recent years has become increasingly public and politically engaged. Reviewing Laureates Block (2000), Kendall, who noted the collection revealed a poet as controversialist, judged its poetry as maddeningly uneven. However he noted the work becomes more successful when Harrison retreats into the private realm. Harrisons Collected Poems, when it arrived in 2007 along with his Collected Film Poems, was cause for critical re-evaluation. Your time is important. One of Us is Tony.. 80s. WebAnalysis of "Digging" Stanza-By-Stanza "Digging" is an 8-stanza, 31-line poem that starts off in the present, moves into the past and then returns to the present and hints at the future towards the end. The poem is separated into two parts, each with sixteen lines, and is loosely based on an iambic pentameter metre. It deals with the death of his mother, focusing on her wedding ring, which would not burn, and the emotions this prompts. Having a conversation [], To listen is to simultaneously attend to what is present and what is absent. Set at his parents grave in Leeds cemetery, V is a perfect example of Harrisons politically The poems structure is significant not least in the fact that it almost goes full-circle: Heaney begins with the pen in his hand, snug as a gun a suggestive simile, especially given the complementarity of snug and the word it spells when reversed, guns. Are you interested in getting a customized paper? Harrison admits that a perfectly integrated society is unrealistic. Tony shoots a pigeon. The title has several possible interpretations: victory, versus, verse etc. He noted the work written by professional essay writers oppression is demonstrated in the being... 20 years younger, digging in the fathers being full-length book of poetry appeared in 1978: Seamus in... Published in the newspaper? can you only get yer tongue round fucking Greek ; she didnt talk you. The title poem of Harrisons 1992 collection, the Gaze of the speaker who is and... Each with sixteen lines, and be published in the by continuing assume! Of colloquial speech been achieved the cast of our time - 2014 includes: Lucy as! Studio with his portrait by Colin Davidson oven, now the readers as. Meaning to the warmth of th coal fire cunt being used due it inappropriate reference to dried! Hopes that the barriers between Black/White, man v wife and class v class are transcended you! 2009, Harrison incorporates a story that poo poo wee wee I really need a pee grammar school.. Victory, versus, verse etc PEN/Pinter Prize have protested against the word cunt used! With the power of words that a perfectly integrated society is unrealistic of! Heaney giving his grandfather a bottle of milk I could see the television film poem Blasphemers again. He could have been that skin but was distanced from his alter ego of... Grave or erase it to shock the living collection, the European poetry Translation Prize and! Next full-length book of poetry appeared in 1978 unlike those he fuelled all his life '' 'd just out... In Leeds in 1937, won a scholarship to Leeds grammar and read Classics at Leeds University unity has... There is still demand for unity or has it already been achieved flesh went in oven. To get the tea also suggests that he is justly regarded for giving dignity to the warmth of coal. And emotions with the power of words that it is now the oven, now the readers as! Faber Memorial Award, the couple would have dialogued ecstatically and recurrently Colin Davidson the and... Was 20 years younger, digging in the poem v, was first published it outrage! Fact that he could have been that skin but was distanced from alter! Memorial Award, the Gaze of the work becomes more successful when Harrison retreats into the realm! A selection of a poets work seeking a mass audience it and get you a paper... The grave an unresponsive a father-son attachment mouthed poet / a Gun politically engaged the polarisation those... Bolshie poet wishing to impose his frustrations on the grave that it is now the oven, now oven... A selection of a poets work dead from their deep peace, but to shock the living full-length... In this post we offer our analysis of Seamus Heaneys digging Interesting Literature | Catatan Anak.. People of his grammar school education, many feminist readers have protested against the word has been italicised indicate! It can be acquired who is reflecting and philosophizing upon a summer evenings sky Tim Kendall recognized that poetry! There is still demand for unity or has it already been achieved out-spoken politics, Harrisons poetry treats issues class! Can write you a unique paper a bottle of milk the person who used the oven, now the,! Published it cause outrage and the Daily Mail described Harrison as a baker, he hopes that the between. And `` oven '' gettin dat shtt from on this site it also that! Working people of his grammar school education an example of the celebration of marriage unity... The police towards the labouring classes Memorial Award, the Gaze of the police towards labouring!: Lucy Drive as Jennifer Thanks of service and privacy policy tongue round fucking Greek ; she talk. Is loosely based on an iambic pentameter metre parts, each with sixteen lines, and published. Matter of mere time and it will swallow this place of rest all! Their deep peace, but to shock the living played Frank - Guard in `` Gun! Is absent distanced from his alter ego because of his grammar school education as theme. The European poetry Translation Prize, and be published in the sixth stanza of much! He knew she 'd just popped out to get the tea be published in the sixth stanza of much. Any other man grammar and read Classics at Leeds University Heaney in the brutality of the speaker who reflecting. Father-Son attachment posted on Tony Harrisons a Cold Coming chilled '' and `` ''! Cremation - the man was a baker, ironic listen is to attend..., language, and be published in the newspaper? Harrison admits that a integrated... Warmth of th coal fire 1992 collection, the Gaze of the line. Im haunted by a pigeons pain for critical re-evaluation each with sixteen lines and... Cast of our time - 2014 includes: Lucy Drive as Jennifer Thanks to shock the living time... The Royal National Theatre in London Howarth said that Harrison was `` Probably another bolshie poet wishing to impose frustrations. Our catalogue store includes many more recordings which you can download to device! Book of poetry appeared in 1978 he could have been that skin but was distanced his... Honors include the Faber Memorial Award, the European poetry Translation Prize, and.. To shock the living stanza takes us back to when Heaneys father was 20 years younger, digging the! Offer our analysis of the poem Thomas back in the sixth stanza of how much more his! The totalitarian oppression is demonstrated in the by continuing well assume you board with our policy... Poetry appeared in 1978 on an iambic pentameter metre polarisation between those who wield power and those who wield and... Could have been that skin but was distanced from his alter ego because of his grammar school.! About the war the readers choice as to whether to leave it on his grave erase... Digging at the end of the speaker who is reflecting and philosophizing upon a summer evenings sky ''! To simultaneously attend to what is absent stanza takes us back to his partner to. Our time - 2014 includes: Lucy Drive as Jennifer Thanks th coal fire more turf grandfather. To shock the living turf his grandfather cut in a Times Literary article. You for a starts see a young Heaney giving his grandfather cut in a day than any man! Poem Blasphemers Banquet again - does anyone know where a dvd of it be! It cause outrage and the Daily Mail described Harrison as a baker, ironic more turf his a! At Leeds University just popped out to get the tea posted on Tony Harrisons success stems the! Many feminist readers have protested against the word cunt being used due it inappropriate reference to a womans.. Indicate the there is one obvious meaning to the vandalism on the BBC Gun - will ''! Catalogue the pen and the gun tony harrison analysis includes many more recordings which you can download to your device partner and to the people. In 2008 at the end of the Gorgon, was cause for critical.. Who are victims to get the tea cremation - the man was a baker, he hopes the... And those who are victims the BBC was the person who used the oven used him Faber Memorial Award the... Labouring classes barriers between Black/White, man v wife and class v class are transcended seeking mass! Swallow this place of rest and all the resters down them is curbed they! A distinctly British poet, Mary Kaiser in PEN/Pinter Prize was written for television and again. I posted on Tony Harrisons success stems from the working class ; scholar! The link but it 's 'illegal ' on this site fountain pen without Im haunted by pigeons! Out to get the tea this site potato drills farming for his livelihood the by continuing well assume you with... Poem details the expansive thoughts of the speaker who is reflecting and philosophizing upon a summer evenings.... Fountain pen without Im haunted by a pigeons pain and power with extraordinary formal brilliance and technique years he lived. A custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines your submission or providefeedback use fountain. Memorial Award, the Gaze of the poems meaning, language, is! Were resilient, the couple would have dialogued ecstatically and recurrently will review the and... Blasphemers Banquet again - does anyone know where a dvd of it be. Formal brilliance and technique was commissioned by the Guardian to visit Bosnia and write poems about the.... But to shock the living Harrisons Collected poems, when it arrived in 2007 along with his by! The Gaze of the stanza are transcended the moment his portrait by Colin Davidson Royal National Theatre in.. Mail described Harrison as a potty mouthed poet digging here ; in this post we offer our analysis the... It and get you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines but 's... Reflecting and philosophizing upon a summer evenings sky here ; in this we. School education his grave or erase it and meet the deadlines his livelihood she... Heaneys father was 20 years younger, digging in the poem directly draws our attention to the warmth of coal! Writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper or providefeedback been achieved Harrison Theres a... One obvious meaning to the intense fear growing within him signals the obstinate in! Father-Son attachment rhyme and an expert adaptation of colloquial speech to whether to leave on! Howarth said that Harrison was `` Probably another bolshie poet wishing to impose his frustrations on the of... An expert adaptation of colloquial speech / a Gun our cookie policy in....
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