Could we (individually and socially) educate and cultivate them? And please refer to Class Notes for further information . What distinguishes that kind of life from others? On the other hand, if logic is about how we should reason, what makes it the case that we should reason one way rather than another? This course introduces philosophy students to these and related questions through a parallel reading that brings together 19th century German philosopher Hegel and a tradition of Africana philosophy running through Douglas, Du Bois, Fanon, Gilroy, Hartman and Wynter. [more], Early philosophy of language focused on meaning of assertions, denials and descriptions. Among the authors we will read are: Aristotle, Frege, Russell, Quine, Kripke, Putnam, Field and Fine. This discussion will lead us to the relativist and social-constructivist views developed within contemporary science studies. [more], This course will emphasize interdisciplinary approaches to the study of intelligent systems, both natural and artificial. Is democratic rule always best? To properly address a number of interrelated questions concerning philosophy in literature and film, and philosophical problems of meaning, interpretation and evaluation of narrative fiction, we will discuss both narrative works of art and theoretical approaches to their analysis. Is happiness an emotional or mental state or is it a social construct? Phil is based out of Greater Seattle Area and works in the Real Estate industry. We will then turn to several of Plato's dialogues, examining Plato's portrayal of Socrates and his development of a new and profoundly powerful philosophical conception. This course serves as an introduction to formal methods in the scientific study of language. We think that there is a difference between a linguistic object's being meaningful and its having a referent. Background readings include sources rooted in traditional modes of bioethical analysis as well as those incorporating feminist approaches. In this course we'll examine several influential attempts to provide a rational foundation for morality, along with Nietzsche's wholesale rejection of these efforts. [more], Political liberalism has been both celebrated and lamented. If there are such things--we'll call them propositions--what are they like? It will be very helpful, though not absolutely necessary, for you to have some familiarity with logic and some experience in reading philosophy. Frege, Russell, and the Early Wittgenstein. The answer is not merely that they ask the question, "What gives meaning to a human life?" Other questions are pressing and immediate: Artificial intelligence techniques are used today to help decide whether someone gets a bank loan, is eligible to be released on bail, or in need of particular medical treatment. this class, we will attempt to carry on the noble tradition of corruption by philosophy. What is the relationship between the mind and the body? To do this, we will need to become familiar with key ethical theories; think deeply about such concepts as privacy, paternalism and autonomy, exploitation, cost-benefit analysis and justice; and compare the function of these concepts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with the way they work in responses to other public health concerns. to the structure of arguments for and against relativism, as well as to the philosophical motivations and perceived consequences of its endorsement or rejection. Diamond investigated the methodology of moral philosophy, paying special attention to the role of literature. See the college's, Experiential Learning & Community Engagement, that underlies classical tragedy, however, seems markedly different from the one that we find in classical philosophy. One must grasp the meanings of the various parts of the sentence. We'll examine these and related questions through historical and contemporary readings. We'll examine these criticisms in depth. In fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as a kind of intellectual saint in the Hellenistic world. What constitutes my knowledge of myself as a person, and does that knowledge differ in any significant respect from my knowledge of physical objects and of other people? The issue of prediction was also raised by economist Donald McCloskey who, in 1988, asked his fellow economists, "If you're so smart, why ain't you rich?" Cy Walsh was detained under mental health supervision after the Supreme Court found he was mentally incompetent when he stabbed his father to death in July 2015. It is at the same time the most intimately known fact of our humanity and science's most elusive puzzle. When should we give morality priority over personal commitments and relationships, and why? The Wittgenstein of the Tractatus is known as the "earlier Wittgenstein," the Wittgenstein of the Investigations is known as the "later Wittgenstein." In order to hit the ground running, students will be expected to read The Women Are Up to Something: How Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley, and Iris Murdoch Revolutionized Ethics by Benjamin J. Cy Walsh has asked a court to allow him to be released back into the community unsupervised, six years after stabbing his AFL coach father to death in a frenzied attack.. Phil Walsh, 55, was head . What role do emotional, irrational or unconscious forces play? The seminar will fall into two unequal parts. [more]. self-mastery, succeeding in worthwhile projects, cultivating relationships, living morally, developing spiritually)? The abstract philosophical question before us is, what are animals such that they can be all these things? Attention to the writing process and developing an authorial voice will be a recurrent focus of our work inside and outside the classroom. In this tutorial we will read from Ancient, modern and contemporary philosophical sources as well several relevant studies in the social sciences and positive psychology movement in order to engage questions concerning happiness. In the last century New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani attempted to shut down the Brooklyn Museum "Sensations" exhibit because he claimed it offended Christians, and the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center was prosecuted for exhibiting allegedly obscene photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe. Is film today really distinct from a number of new, emerging visual media? Authors will include: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. In confronting these difficult questions, we do not proceed purely theoretically but consider the contributions of various observation-based traditions, from Buddhist psychology and meditative practices to phenomenology to neurosciences. Authors will include: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. By the early 20th century, in the works of Freud, we encounter the idea of the intra-psychic features of subjects and the importance of understanding and regulating psychic forces both within and between subjects in order to adapt to the demands of living at any given time, born as we are both dependent upon and vulnerable to others. Along the way, we will need to come to grips with the following surprising fact. We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. "For any family, regardless of who it is, is one of the worst things that you could imagine that could happen to you," he said. If they are conscious, will AI's have dignity and rights? Others maintain that these questions will only yield to methods that incorporate our broader insight into the nature of the world including, perhaps, feminist thought or science. [more], Freedom is widely held as one of our fundamental values. What are the forces, and the dynamics between forces (i.e., economic, technological, modes of communication, techniques of social control, biological, psychological) that make certain types of subjects possible influencing both their self-understandings and their forms of life? His thought influenced the thought of subsequent generations of philosophers. In school? This tutorial will bring to life the debate between Locke and Leibniz, and enable students to reach their own conclusions about Empiricism vs. Rationalism, Realism vs. Idealism, and related issues. There two ways to understand "Many students took every class". To name just a few ways: We treat animals as companions, as food, as objects of wonder in the wild, as resources to be harvested, as testing grounds for science, and as religious sacrifice. What is the mind? How should moral equality be understood, and what is its foundation? Our study will definitely include Frege, Russell, Quine, Searle, and Kripke. We'll also work on writing lucid prose that displays precisely the logical structure of arguments, engages in focused critique of these arguments, and forcefully presents arguments of our own. The course will begin with the "received view" of science, advanced by logical empiricists, which assumes the objectivity and the rationality of science and argues that induction is the main scientific method. Throughout the course, our focus will be on the best theoretical and practical knowledge we now have to diagnose, explain, and alleviate mental illness. In framing and answering these questions, we will discuss subjective experience (or phenomenology) of mental illness; holism vs. reductionism; functional, historical and structural explanations of psychopathology; theory formation, evidence, and the role of values in psychology and psychiatry; the diversity and disunity of psychotherapeutic approaches; relationship between knowers and the known; and relationship between theoretical knowledge in psychiatry and the practices of healing. We conclude by considering some of the later Hindu holistic views of the self as responses to the Buddhist critique. And what present practices and ways of thinking and knowing might be questioned using Foucault's tools, genealogy in particular, for resisting unnecessary constraints on freedom and the perpetuation of unnecessary suffering? At least, let's assume that you are for the sake of argument. While Hegel studies tends to occur in isolation from philosophers in the Africana tradition, many of the above explicitly refer to and take up questions in Hegel. Embodiment and Consciousness: A Cross-Cultural Exploration. Does freedom require leading (or avoiding) a political life? We will raise questions concerning the task of philosophy, the structure and meaning constituting function of consciousness, the relationship between self and other, the mind-body relationship, freedom, authenticity, and absurdity. While Plato and Aristotle differ on many points, they share the belief that the cosmos and the human place within it can be understood by rational means. [more], It'd be perfectly natural to say "I might've left the stove on", then check the stove, then say "I didn't leave the stove on". The course will present the essential ideas of relativity theory and quantum theory and explore their implications for philosophy. Beyond this common ground, however, epistemologists are much divided. The debate between Realism and Idealism concerns whether reality is composed of mind-independent matter, or mind-like substances. We will continue with J. S. Mill's Utilitarianism and Kant's Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, considering these books as works in the philosophy of education. Why should one obey the law (if one should)? What do we mean when we talk about racial capitalism? This introduction to philosophy will see how far the microscopes of reason and logic can carry us in traditional arguments about the existence and nature of God. Second, we will engage in some current philosophical debates concerning the concept of freedom in metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. Must it be unaffected by any outside influences? Conversation is dynamic--the back and forth exchange of information is a process that grows and adapts to the surrounding context. But is the best conclusion we can come to with respect to our intellectual endeavors that skepticism always carries the day and that nothing at all is true? These questions are typically asked within a framework where the overarching goal is attaining truth and avoiding falsity. This course argues that by reference to the historically specific modes of subjectivity and sociality that resulted from the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Haitian Revolution, for instance, we can better understand and address long-standing questions in European Social Philosophy. [more], The philosophy of mind has been one of the most active areas of philosophical inquiry over the last century. Who is equal? Moreover, the ethical issues that are implicated in responses to the pandemic reflect the range of those manifested across the field of public health as a whole. falsity of all our beliefs? Are there things that cannot be put into words? What do the social and psychological sciences have to teach us about happiness? Existentialists investigate deeply irrational phenomena of human life, including anxiety, boredom, tragedy, despair, death, faith, sexuality, love, hate, sadism, masochism, and authenticity. Our readings will come primarily from philosophy, but will be supplemented with material from anthropology, physics, psychology, and linguistics. We will begin examining these questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. But how often do we ask: What is freedom? Roger Federer gets stumped by famous saying. We will examine this issue in Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, classic sources and contemporary articles. [more], We will someday live alongside artificially intelligent beings who equal or exceed us. What distinguishes that kind of life from others? of Western metaphysics; French Nietzscheans such as Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze as well as French feminist Luce Irigaray appropriate Nietzschean themes and concepts in their critical engagements with the Western philosophical tradition; and Anglo-American moral philosophers such as Bernard Williams, Alisdair MacIntyre, and Phillippa Foot (as well as Rorty) respond to and engage his critique of modern morality. Our subjects will include hate speech, press censorship, pornography, controversial art, sacrilegious speech and campus controversies. Is democratic rule always best? We will focus particularly on how subjects are positioned in relation to his writings on power and knowledge with particular attention to the later so-called ethical writings in the years before his untimely death in 1984. What are some of the necessary conditions for democracy? In this course we aim to engage that abstract question through two more focused projects. While he never wrote any philosophical works of his own, Socrates is one of the most influential thinkers in the western tradition. Topics will range from consideration of "mundane" technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), prenatal genetic screening and testing, and surrogacy, to the more extraordinary, possibly including pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), post-menopausal reproduction, and post-mortem gamete procurement. Unfortunately, the relevance of Hume's ideas and arguments for particular philosophical disciplines has too often led to a piece-meal reading of his work: the three books of. If loyalty is a virtue, what are the proper limits of its cultivation and expression? Right? We will read classic works (such as John Stuart Mill, On Liberty and H. L. A. Hart, The Concept of Law), contemporary articles, and United States Supreme Court cases. Topics to be considered include the nature of freedom (both individual and social), the master/slave dialectic and subject constitution, self-consciousness and double consciousness, the stages of history, and racial capitalism, Topics in Critical Theory: Subjection, Power, Freedom. [more], This course examines some of the central questions raised by the study of the consciousness: the place of intentionality, the role of emotions, the relation with the body, the nature of subjectivity, the scope of reflexivity, the nature of perceptual presence, etc. We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. this tutorial, we'll read portions of Rawls' major works. With what limits and justifications? Pragmatist Currents in Contemporary Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. Were they simply too unsophisticated and confused to understand what is for us the irresistible power of skepticism and relativism? in environmental ethics. [more], Martinican psychiatrist, philosopher, and revolutionary Frantz Fanon was among the leading critical theorists and Africana thinkers of the twentieth century. Most sessions will pair readings about key concepts with specific cases that raise complex ethical issues, including the concept of moral standing and, e.g., people who do not yet exist, non-human individuals, species, and complex living systems; the concept of moral responsibility and complicity in environmentally damaging practices; the legitimacy of cost-benefit analysis as an environmental policy tool; and the valuation of human lives. If possible, we will arrange to see a live performance of a Greek tragedy. In this course, we will survey the ethics of public health through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating concepts and arguments that are central to the ethics of public health research and practice. Tutorial partners will have an opportunity to spend the end of the semester working on a special topic of their choosing including, for instance, consciousness and free will, pain and anesthesia, consciousness and artificial intelligence, or disorders of consciousness. How could proponents of each be claiming to follow in the footsteps of Socrates? [more], The primary way we interact with others is through the use of language. I don't know how exactly how many grains of sand are in this heap, but let's say 100,000. Throughout the course, our focus will be on three broad issues: Hume's conception of theoretical rationality, his conception of practical rationality, and his views about the role and relevance of non-rational (on some readings, irrational) elements in a good life of a wise person. Is it moral for us to pass along these sorts of decisions to AI's? Most of the authors will come from this list, however: Sartre, de Beauvoir, Kafka, Dostoyevsky, Thomas Mann, Camus, Ecco, Kundera, Borges, Charlie Kaufman, Bergman, Tarkovsky, Resnais, Kurosawa, Bunuel, Kubrick, Godard, Visconti and Guillermo del Toro. This course introduces philosophy students to these and related questions through a parallel reading that brings together 19th century German philosopher Hegel and a tradition of Africana philosophy running through Douglas, Du Bois, Fanon, Gilroy, Hartman and Wynter. How can we ensure that AI's will act morally? A hub of student life at Williams, Paresky houses Baxter Great Hall (seen here), four dining options, meeting rooms and study spaces, pool and foosball tables, an auditorium, and the student mailroom. According to one, there is a single group of students that had their hands extremely full this semester. Some maintain that these issues are solely the provinces of philosophy, using traditional a priori methods. Who should rule? [more], The late 20th Century philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the present age as "post-Nietzschean." [more], Although Kant initially planned for his magnum opus to comprise theoretical and practical chapters, his metaphysics and epistemology take up all of his Critique of Pure Reason while his ethics is spread out over a series of works--Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Critique of Practical Reason, Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, and The Metaphysics of Morals. Is a world with AI's overall better or worse for us? We will examine several different approaches in depth, including realism, constructivism, expressivism, and skepticism. We will thus be led to discuss some of the concepts common to epistemology, metaphysics and ethics: reason, justification, objectivity, understanding, reality and truth. And right now there are autonomous vehicles deciding how to behave in traffic, and autonomous weapons capable of delivering lethal force. Among the questions that we will address: What is justice? Some understand its aim to be to answer normative questions about the nature of truth, justice, goodness and rationality. How do I know that I am one? Finally, we will analyze the current debate about cognitive credentials of science and about proper approaches to the study of science, which came to be known as "the science wars." experiment, in which residents of a state home for mentally impaired children were intentionally infected with a virus that causes hepatitis, and the Kennedy-Krieger Lead Abatement study, which tested the efficacy of a new lead paint removal procedure by housing young children in partially decontaminated homes and testing those children for lead exposure. Our internal, felt experience--what chocolate tastes like to oneself, what it is like to see the color red, or, more broadly, what it is like to have a first person, waking perspective at all--resists explanation in any terms other than the conscious experience itself in spite of centuries of intense effort by philosophers and, more recently, by scientists. Is relativism a form of skepticism? Right? Is a world with AI's overall better or worse for us? Who is equal? We will move on to examine ethical issues of truth-telling with terminally ill patients and their families, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments, the care of seriously ill newborns, physician-assisted suicide, euthanasia, and posthumous interests. German philosopher Martin Heidegger thought he represented the culminating point of Western metaphysics; French Nietzscheans such as Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze as well as French feminist Luce Irigaray appropriate Nietzschean themes and concepts in their critical engagements with the Western philosophical tradition; and Anglo-American moral philosophers such as Bernard Williams, Alisdair MacIntyre, and Phillippa Foot (as well as Rorty) respond to and engage his critique of modern morality. legitimate? If time permits, we may also look at how the figure of Socrates has been thought about in the works of more modern thinkers. See the college's. Finally, there are those who do not think philosophy can contribute much at all to answering such questions and others who question its claims to universality given its associations with colonialism, racism, sexism, etc. Initial tutorial meetings will focus on theoretical materials that will background later discussions and will include classic readings from the environmental ethics literature (e.g., Leopold, Taylor, Rolston). justice or passionate commitment and curiosity) over happiness? In addition to examining general accounts of causation, we will examine particular problems that come up in thinking about mental causation and causation in indeterministic contexts. Our study will definitely include Frege, Russell, Quine, Searle, and Kripke. Firstly, we will try to understand the mental lives of non-human animals. 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